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(No Model.) A 7 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. THEISEN.

A DRYING APPARATUS. No. 393,594. Patented Nov. 27, 1888.

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E. THEISEN. DRYINGYAPPARATUS.

No. 393.594., Patented N 0v.2.7, 1888.

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(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 3. E. THEISENA DRYING APPARATUS. No. 393,594. Patented Nov. 27, 1888.

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' E. THBISEN.

DRYING APPARATUS. No. 893,594.. Patented Nov. 27,1888.

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(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 5. E. THBISEN.

DRYING APPARATUS Patented Nov. 2'7, 1888.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 6. B. THEISEN.

DRYING APPARATUS.

Patented Nov. 27, 1888.

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(No Model. 7 Sheets-Sheet 7.

' E. THEISEN.

DRYING APPARATUS.

No. 393,594, Patented Nov. 27, 1888.

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u. PETERS Phmo-Ulhcgnpbcr. Washington. a a

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDUARD THEISEN, OF LINDENAU, NEAR LEIPSTG, SAXONY, GERMANY.

DRYING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 393,594, dated November 27, 1888.

(No model.)

Patented in Germany February 21, 1884, No. 29,035; in

France March 11, 1884, No. 160,848; in England March 12, 1884, No. 4,798; in Belgium March 19, 1884, No. (H.562; in Austriallungary November 11, 1884, No. 38,165 and No. 51,365, and in Russia December 22. 1887, O. 5., No. 12,244.

The object of the present invention is to pro vide a simple and eflicient means for drying materials of various kinds by steam, heated air, or gases without the risk of injuring the material by overheating; and to this end my invention relates to new and improved apparatus wherein the materials to be dried are agitated within a vessel which is cylindrical and corrugated or wave-shaped longitudinally, with the corrugations running around the vessel. The vessels are preferably protected, in whole or in part, from the direct action of the hot air or products of combustion by means of hollow jackets, which are supplied with steam that assists in the drying operation.

Letters Patent for this invention have been secured to me as follows: in Germany, dated February 21, 1884., No. 29,035; in England March 12, 1884, No. 4,798; in France March 11, 1884, No. 160,8l8; in Belgium March 19, 1884, No. 64,562; in Russia December 22, 1887, (Russian style,) No. 12,244., and in Austria-Hungary, dated November 11, 1884.

The nature of the invention will be understood on reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical cross-section of my improved apparatus. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same, and Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of one inclined vessel in larger size. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are views of modifications of my apparatus, and Fig. 5 is an elevation endwise of the drying apparatus shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

In the drying apparatus shown in cross-section at Fig. 1 and on longitudinal section at Fig. 2, a a are drying-vessels of corrugated cylindrical, semi-cylindrical, or trough fornnwhich vessels, as shown, are placed one above another, but which might also, if desired, be

placed alongside each other. Each corrugated vessel will be surrounded by either a whole or a half cylinder, b, in such a manner that there will be a steam-space, 0, between them. Examples of the different modes of carrying out this arrangement of steam-spaces are shown in the three tiers in Figs. 1 and 2. The uppermost corrugated vessel is in the form of a half-cylinder, a, and is surrounded with an entire cylinder, 1). The central and lowermost corrugated vessels are in the form of complete cylinders a, the former ofwhich is surrounded by an entire cylinder and the latter by a half cylinder, b. These outer cylinders, I), which, like the vessels a, may be constructed of plain or corrugated plates or sheets of metal, are provided with brackets cl, resting upon I supportinggirders fitted into the side walls. In the arrangement shown at Figs. 1 and 2 the hot-air current entering at 9 passes upward in the direction of the arrows and plays around the cylinders 12.

Into each of the steam spaces 0 a tube, 6, provided with a valve, 0, opens, which tubes intercom muuicate by means of a common main tube, f, situated outside the apparatus and provided with a pressure-gage, f. Through this tubef and the tubes 0, each of which is provided with a separate stop-cock, water is admitted to the steam-space up to a level with the mouths of the tubes 6, which water will be converted into vapor by means of the hot air entering at g and ascending in the direction of the arrows, and the steam or vapor becomes condensed on the large drying-surfaces presented by the corrugations of the vessels a, and this condensed water will be again vaporized by means of the hot air circulating around the steam-space. In this way a good working equable drying temperature is obtained in the vessels or barrels a, through which the mate-,

rials or goods to be dried are passed. Pass ing centrally through each of the vessels a is a shaft, it, supported at its ends in suitable bearings, and upon and keyed to this shaft are wheels having armsh", and upon and se cured to the periphery of these wheels are longitudinal bars of nearly the length of the vessel a, and there are blades or stirrers h secured steam can be generated'therein 'by means of and gradually worked from the hoppers through the vessels a to the spouts s. The

vessels u and their shafts it are slightly inclined from the hoppers w to the spouts s to facil tate the delivery of the goods being dried, as shown in the drawings, Fig. 2. This inclination should be about one in seventy.

I have shown in the lowermost cylinder of Fig. 2 a spiral conveyor, 6, composed of a twisted blade of metal, surrounding, attached to, and moving with the shaft 71, and of an external diameter almost identical with the interior of the corrugations of the vessel (1; and I prefer to employ this spiral conveyor i to move the agitated material progressively to ward the delivery end, where it is discharged by the spouts s. The vapors formed in the barrels or vessels a. from the drying of the materials or goods will pass oft through the channels 12.

Instead ofgencrating the steam in the spaces 0, a boiler may be arranged in the apparatus either as a steam-generator or recipient for steam led thereto, and from which the steam will be led to the spaces 0 and be there superheated by means of the current of hot air, while the water of condensation flows back to the boiler.

If the boiler is built into the apparatus,

hot gases of combustion led thereto, which gases will then pass through the various tiers, either vertically or horizontally, until they escape into the chimney. If the boileris provided with a direct-heating furnace, the products of combustion may be utilized ashot air for the apparatus. The boiler may also, of course, be arranged outside the drying apparatus, and steam may be carried thereto from any approved source.

In the lower portion of the apparatus, Fig. 3, the boiler It? is shown in place. \Vhere a cylinder or boiler, as It, is used without a fire beneath it, steam may bcsupplicd by the pipe I from an outside source. A tube, f, leads the steam from the boiler to the tube], which is provided with a pressure-gage, and. the tubes 0 lead the same into the spaces 0, surrounding or partially surrounding the barrels a, in which spaces the steam will be super heated by means of the ascending current of hot air and will impart itshigh degree of heat to the drying-surfaces. The tubes as are connected to the lowermost portions of the cylinders b, and are inclined and communicate with the tube 00, so that the water of condensation may flow back into the boiler 70.

m is a furnaccin case steam is to be generated in the boiler, the products of combustion from which will beled upward for the purpose ofsuperhcating steam admitted into the spaces 0, circulating on its passage around the cylinders b. In this case the hot-airadmission channel will not be required; or, if the arrangement is effected to meet both cases, the latter must be closed during the operation of the furnace at. It is also advisable to adapt for each space 0 separate tubes for the admission of steam and the carrying off of the products of condensation, in which case the exit-tube for the water of condensation should be placed, not at the lowest possible point, but somewhat higher in the space 0, in order to maintain a certain height ofwaterofcondensation therein, which, by the action of the surrounding hot air, will be again converted into steam. Further, the drying-vessels constructed of entire corrugated or wave-shaped cylinders, with or without surrounding steam space, may be employed without the addition of blades, in which case the dryingbarrels themselves will be arranged to rotate. This arrangement, which is shown in crosssection at Fig. 4 and in longitudinal section at Fig. 5, is best adapted for small drying establishments.

The drying-vessels a, of corrugatedcr waveshapcd surface and cylindrical form, are fixed on a shaft, 01, by means of the cross-frame a, and are suitably arranged within a hot-air chamber, and are capable of being set in rotation by means of a cranlchandle or by mechanical driving arrangements situate outside the said chamber. In the drawings these rotating vessels are shown, by way of example, as fitted in a heating-chamber of brickwork, the front side of which is closed in by a pair of doors, 99, (shown in Fi 5%) which, upon being opened, admit of the removal of the vessels therefrom. The upper drying-vesscl, which is at some distance from thcheated gases, is represented as merely an entire corrugated cylinder, a, while a complete cylinder, b, is arranged around thelower vessel, so that a steam-space, c, is formed, into which steam or water will be admitted through the shaft n (which is hollow at its front end) and the short tube 0. At one end the rotating dry ingvessels a may be provided with a cover, a, for the purpose of iillingand emptying the same. Vhcn the rotating vessels are not protected by steam-spaces, the covers may be fit ted onto the periphery, and the fitting and emptying may be effected in different ways, dependent upon whether the vessels are reinovablc or not. Rotating steam-cased dry ing-vesscls could also be adapted to open hearths or fireplaces.

A further modification of drying apparatus with corrugated drying vessels or chambers is represented at Figs. 6 and 7.

The semi-cylindrical vessels a, formed of hollow castings arranged one beside another, or of corrugated sheet metal or of single sheets of metal bolted together and provided with steam-admission pipes b and exit-channels c for the escape of the water of condensation,

and in which blades h rotate, will be closed in at top. These so-formed cylinders, when the apparatus, as in Fig. 6, is constructed with a single drying-vessel a, will be surrounded with a closed jacket, while on the other hand, when, as in Fig. 7, several drying vessels or cylinders a are arranged in proximity to one another, they will be surrounded by a closed rectangular casing. lhe hollow spaces thus formed between barrel and jacket or casing serve for the heating of the air contained therein by means of the heat radiating from the hot steam in the hollow portions of the drying-vessels, which heat passes at one side through the tubes (1 into the interior of the drying-vessels a for direct action upon the material under treatment and out of which it will be drawn on the other side through afiuc or chimney.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I. am aware that eorrugated or waved surfaces heated from below have been used in combination with rotating blades or stirrers above them, and I do not claim such drying apparatus as my present in vention.

I claim as my invention-- 1. In a drying apparatus, the combination,

with a cylinder, at, having a corrugated or undulating surface and containing the material to be dried, of revolving stirrers within said cylinder, the edges of whose blades are corrugated to correspond with the surface of the cylinder, a steam-jacket, 0, outside of said cylinder, and a pipe, 6, for supplying steam to saidjacket, and a flue outside ofthe cylinder a and jacket 0 for heated air, substantially as specified.

2. In a drying apparatus, the combination, with a cylinder, (1 having a corrugated or undulating surface and containing the material to be dried, of revolving stirrers within said cylinder, the edges of whose blades are corrugated to correspond with the surface of the cylinder, a steanrjueket, 0, outside of said cylinder, and a pipe, 0, pipesf and a hotair flue outside of the cylinder at and jacket 0, a boiler, 7c, and furnace m, for supplying steam to the said jacket and heated air to said flue, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, this 11th day of January, 1884, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDUARD THEISEN.

Witnesses:

WILHELM WIEsENnii'rTnR, IWAIRIIN KiiRNER. 

